Book Summary of "Problems in Sociology"Chapter 1: Definition and Scope of Sociology1.1 Object of Sociology - Sociology studies society: Focuses on social structure, relations and changes. - Actors and social structure: Explores the interaction between individuals and social structure. 1.2 Scientific Nature of Sociology - Positivism: Scientific methods should be based on observation and experiment. - Understanding Sociology: Study social phenomena by understanding the subjective meaning of actors. Chapter 2: Methodology of Sociology2.1 Sampling and Survey - Random sampling: Ensure the representativeness of the sample. - Questionnaire: An effective tool for collecting large-scale data. 2.2 Participant Observation and In-depth Interview - Participant Observation: Researchers integrate into specific communities to collect information. - In-depth Interview: Qualitative research that obtains detailed views and experiences of individuals. Chapter 3: Social Structure and Social Inequality3.1 Social Stratification - Economic Capital: The amount of wealth and property owned. - Cultural capital: the sum of an individual&39;s knowledge, education, and social connections. - Social capital: an individual&39;s position and resources in a network. 3.2 Social mobility - Vertical mobility: the rise or fall of an individual or family in a social class. - Horizontal mobility: movement within the same class. Chapter 4: Culture and power4.1 Social construction of culture - Production and reproduction of cultural capital: culture is both a product of social structure and its sustaining force. - Symbolic violence: power relations implemented through cultural means. 4.2 Sociological analysis of power - Micro power: the exercise of power in daily interactions between individuals. - Macro power: power structures at the institutional and national levels. Chapter 5: Changes and challenges in modern society5.1 Globalization and modernity - Time and space compression: changes in the sense of time and space brought about by globalization. - Paradox of modernity: the tension between technological progress and human freedom. 5.2 Social Exclusion and the New Poverty - Marginalized groups: People excluded from modern society. - New Poverty: The increase of non-material poverty, such as social isolation and cultural poverty. The above is a brief overview of the main chapters and contents of the book "Problems of Sociology". In the book, Pierre Bourdieu not only explores the core concepts and methods of sociology, but also deeply analyzes the relationship between social structure, culture and power, as well as the challenges facing modern society.

Regarding the book "The Problem of Sociology", the following are 20 wonderful sentences or paragraphs selected according to your requirements. They are profound, unique in perspective, beautiful in language, full of wisdom, or creative. These sentences or paragraphs have been sorted according to numbers 1-20, facing the readers of the book review website, and maintaining professionalism. 1. "Sociology is an awakening that makes us realize that the world we live in is not natural, but is shaped by social structure and historical process." - Deeply reveals the awakening role of sociology and the re-cognition of the world. 2. "Under the lens of sociology, each individual is both an actor and an audience. We both perform and watch on the social stage." - Using drama as a metaphor, it vividly depicts the role of people in society. 3. "Social inequality is not accidental, but an inevitable product of social structure. It reflects the uneven distribution of power, resources and opportunities." - Sharply points out the root cause of social inequality. 4. "Sociological imagination is a mental quality that enables us to understand the intertwined relationship between personal experience and the vast social structure." - Emphasizes the importance of sociological imagination. 5. "Social facts do not exist in isolation, but are interconnected and mutually influenced in social networks." - Highlights the interdependence between social facts. 6. "Sociology should not only be a description of society, but also a criticism and transformation of society." - Puts forward the practicality and transformative nature of sociology. 7. "In sociology, there is no eternal truth, only constant questions and constant exploration." - Reflects the dynamics and openness of sociology. 8. "The task of sociology is not only to explain the world, but more importantly to change the world." - Responds to Marx's famous saying and emphasizes the action orientation of sociology. 9. "The social structure is like an iceberg. What we see is only the tip of the iceberg, while the larger part is hidden under the water." - Metaphorically describes the complexity and hidden nature of social structure. 10. "Sociology is a science that studies social change. It focuses on how society has come from the past to the present and how it will move towards the future." - Summarizes the time dimension and historical perspective of sociology. 11. "In sociology, there is no absolute objectivity, only relative truth and constant reflection." - points out the relativity and reflexivity of sociology. 12. "The language of sociology is a special language that is used to describe, analyze and explain social phenomena, and also reflects our understanding and imagination of society." - explains the particularity and duality of sociological language. 13. "Sociology is a critical thinking that encourages us to question the status quo, challenge authority and seek change." - emphasizes the criticality and revolutionary nature of sociology. 14. "In sociology, everyone is a mirror of society, reflecting the diversity and complexity of society." - uses people as a mirror to reflect the diverse aspects of society. 15. "Sociology is an interdisciplinary study that integrates knowledge and methods from multiple disciplines such as history, political science, economics, and psychology." - reveals the interdisciplinary and comprehensive nature of sociology. 16. "Sociology is a telescope and microscope for observing society. It can see the macro structure of society and the micro interaction of society." - A metaphor for the research tools and methodology of sociology. 17. "In sociology, there are no fixed answers, only constant questions and endless exploration." - Emphasizes the unknown and exploratory nature of sociology. 18. "Sociology is a science and art of understanding human behavior and social organization." - Summarizes the scientific and artistic nature of sociology. 19. "Sociology is a way of thinking about society. It helps us understand the operating mechanism of society and reveal the contradictions and conflicts in society." - Explains the thinking mode and analytical function of sociology. 20. "In sociology, we should not only see the surface phenomena of society, but also reveal the deep structure and logic behind it." - Emphasizes the profundity and thoroughness of sociology.

Pierre Bourdieu is a French sociologist whose research interests range from education, culture, social inequality and power.

The following is a detailed introduction to Pierre Bourdieu: 1.

Personal information: Pierre Bourdieu was born on August 1, 1930, in Béarn, France.< He died on January 23, 2002.

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Education and career background: Bourdieu was educated at the École Normale Supérieure in Paris, where he received a degree in philosophy.< His career was mainly in the French academic world, where he taught at several universities in Paris, including the École Normale Supérieure and Sciences Po.

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Writing career: Bourdieu is a prolific writer whose works cover many areas of sociology.< Some of his most famous works include The Structure of Social Space, The Logic of Practice and The Field of Cultural Production.

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Style and subject matter of his works: Bourdieu's works are known for their in-depth theoretical analysis and critical perspective on social phenomena.< His main research interests include social inequality, cultural capital, symbolic power and social structure.

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Personal life: There is relatively little public information about Bourdieu's personal life.< He is a scholar who is dedicated to academic research and has devoted most of his time to sociological research and writing.

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Social influence: Bourdieu's theory has had a profound impact on sociology and related fields.< His theory has been widely used in education, cultural studies, social inequality research and other fields.

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Citations and evaluations: Bourdieu's work has been widely praised.< For example, sociologist Anthony Giddens called him "one of the most important sociologists of the 20th century.

" However, his theory has also been criticized by some critics, who believe that his theory is too complex and abstract.< 8.

Recent developments: Although Bourdieu died in 2002, his work still has an impact in the sociological community.< Some of his unpublished works were published after his death and continue to influence sociological research.

In general, Pierre Bourdieu is a scholar who has had a profound impact on the field of sociology.< His theories and works provide us with valuable perspectives for understanding social phenomena.