Biography of Li HongzhangChapter 1: IntroductionSection 1: Introduction to the author and purpose of writing - Key point 1: The author Liang Qichao was a famous enlightenment thinker and politician in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China. - Key point 2: Liang Qichao aimed to let the Chinese people at that time understand Li Hongzhang&39;s life, his merits and demerits through this book, so as to trigger the Chinese people&39;s thinking about the fate of the country. Section 2: Li Hongzhang&39;s historical status - Key point 1: Li Hongzhang was known as the "Bismarck of the East" and was one of the most influential politicians in the late Qing Dynasty. - Key point 2: Although he suffered repeated setbacks in foreign wars, he achieved certain achievements in diplomatic and domestic reforms in peacetime. Chapter 2: Early life and educationSection 1: Family background - Key point 1: Li Hongzhang was born in a scholarly family in Anhui Province. - Key point 2: There were many officials in the family who came from the imperial examination, which had a profound influence on him. Section 2: Education and Growth - Key Point 1: He received strict Confucian education since childhood. - Key Point 2: Later, he was exposed to Western science and knowledge and began to pay attention to the modernization process of the country. Chapter 3: The Beginning of Military CareerSection 1: The Taiping Rebellion and the Rise of Li Hongzhang - Key Point 1: The Taiping Rebellion broke out, and the regular army of the Qing Dynasty was unable to suppress it. Li Hongzhang organized local militia to participate in the suppression of the rebellion. - Key Point 2: The Huai Army led by Li gradually became the main military force of the Qing Dynasty. Section 2: The Establishment and Characteristics of the Huai Army - Key Point 1: The Huai Army adopted Western-style training and equipment, and was the prototype of China&39;s modern army. - Key Point 2: The Huai Army focused on discipline and had strong combat effectiveness, becoming the main force in the foreign wars of the late Qing Dynasty. Chapter 4: Li Hongzhang and the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895Section 1: Early Diplomatic and Strategic Mistakes - Key Point 1: Li Hongzhang failed to accurately grasp the international situation before the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 and made mistakes in his policy toward Japan. - Key Point 2: The internal political struggle of the Qing Dynasty affected the preparation and command of the war. Section 2: Performance and consequences in the war - Key Point 1: The Qing army suffered a series of defeats in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, especially the defeat in the Battle of the Yellow Sea, which marked the decline of the Qing Dynasty&39;s navy. - Key Point 2: The signing of the Treaty of Shimonoseki, the cession of territory and the payment of indemnities, and the international status of the Qing Dynasty fell to its lowest point in history. Chapter 5: Diplomatic Career and Political Reform Section 1: Li Hongzhang as a Qing Dynasty Diplomat - Key Point 1: He was the first ambassador of the Qing Dynasty to be formally appointed to a foreign country. - Key Point 2: He carried out decades of diplomatic struggles among Western powers. Section 2: The New Deal and Constitutional Attempts in the Late Qing Dynasty - Key Point 1: Li Hongzhang supported and promoted a series of political, economic and educational reform measures. - Key Point 2: Although these reforms ultimately failed to save the Qing Dynasty, they had a profound impact on later generations. Chapter 6: Later Years and EvaluationSection 1: Li Hongzhang&39;s Later Years - Key Point 1: In his later years, he was controversial because he signed many unequal treaties. - Key Point 2: Despite this, he still played an important role in the political arena of the late Qing Dynasty. Section 2: Evaluation by Later Generations - Key Point 1: Liang Qichao put forward his own comprehensive evaluation of Li Hongzhang in this chapter. - Key Point 2: Li&39;s behavior and policies are still studied and discussed by historians and political scientists.

20 wonderful sentences or paragraphs selected from "The Biography of Li Hongzhang" are numbered and presented as follows according to your requirements: 1. "Li Hongzhang must be a figure in China's thousands of years of history, there is no doubt; Li Hongzhang must be a figure in the world history of the 19th century, there is no doubt." - This sentence shows the important position of Li Hongzhang in Chinese and foreign history. 2. "In the 18 provinces of China, only the people of that province (referring to Anhui) can help the country in times of crisis and prolong the life of China." - Highly praised the achievements of Li Hongzhang and his fellow Anhui people. 3. "I respect Li Hongzhang's talent, I cherish Li Hongzhang's knowledge, and I feel sad for Li Hongzhang's experience." - Expressed a deep understanding and sympathy for Li Hongzhang's complex and contradictory life. 4. "Not knowing the principles of the nation, not understanding the world situation, not knowing the origin of politics, in this 19th century of competition and evolution, he only patched up the cracks and stole temporary peace, not expanding the national strength and placing his country in a realm of prestige and virtue." - profoundly pointed out the limitations of Li Hongzhang's era and the necessity of reform. 5. "Li Hongzhang managed the army, planned before taking action, and predicted the enemy like a god, so he was able to destroy the two major bandits of the Li and Nian dynasties in this dynasty within 15 years and eliminate the great troubles in the country." - praised Li Hongzhang's outstanding military talents. 6. "Li Hongzhang's method is mainly to ally with a certain country to control a certain country, and the so-called alliance is not an alliance that can be made in normal times. When he finds an opportunity, he wants to take one or two powerful countries, such as Britain, Russia, and France, to cooperate with them and work together for great things." - reveals the flexibility and realism of Li Hongzhang's diplomatic strategy. 7. "We only want to evaluate Li Hongzhang's merits and demerits, but ignore the situation in which Li Hongzhang was in power. This is very unfair." - Emphasizes the importance of considering the historical background when evaluating historical figures. 8. "Li Hongzhang's contribution to China can be said to be a mixture of merits and demerits. Even if we only consider his merits, he can only be called a hero created by the times, not a hero who created the times." - An objective and pertinent evaluation of Li Hongzhang's historical status and role. 9. "Li Hongzhang's Westernization Movement was done to the fullest extent, purchasing powerful guns and sending students abroad. In a word, it can be said that he learned from the foreigners to control the foreigners." - Summarizes Li Hongzhang's main measures and goals in the Westernization Movement. 10. "He (Li Hongzhang) still focused on internal governance, imitating the Westerners' strong armor and sharp weapons to seek self-strengthening, and taking Chinese as the basis and using Western methods." - Points out Li Hongzhang's basic position and principles when learning from the West. 11. "Li Hongzhang's diplomatic skills are first-rate in China, but far behind in the world." - While affirming Li Hongzhang's diplomatic ability, it also points out the gap between him and the world's advanced level. 12. "Li Hongzhang's failures in his later years were all due to his outdated knowledge, his lack of understanding of modern international public law, treaties and diplomatic precedents, and his fighting for what should not be fought for and giving up what should not be given up." - Analyzed the main reasons for Li Hongzhang's diplomatic failures in his later years. 13. "I dare not attribute the success to Li Hongzhang alone, but think that the bad spirit of the Chinese people for four thousand years was picked up by Li Hongzhang alone." - A profound reflection on Li Hongzhang's historical role from the perspective of national character. 14. "Li Hongzhang said: 'I have been doing things all my life, such as training soldiers and the navy, but they are all paper tigers. How can I really let go and do them? I just barely covered them up and made them look fake. If they are not exposed, they can still be perfunctory for a while.'" - Quoting Li Hongzhang's own words, revealing his inner helplessness and pessimism. 15. "Li Hongzhang's unparalleled reputation was lost in the Sino-Japanese War." - Concisely and profoundly summarizes the changes in Li Hongzhang's historical status. 16. "Li Hongzhang, with his reputation over the past 40 years and a lifespan of 100 years, would have been more useful to China, but unfortunately he is old now." - The regret that Li Hongzhang could not continue to play a greater role is beyond words. 17. "Li Hongzhang's knowledge is all gained from experience, so he can judge the situation and deal with it in complex situations with ease." - Emphasizes the importance of practical experience in Li Hongzhang's success. 18. "In his later years, Li Hongzhang, as a famous minister of the restoration of the country, sat back and watched his country fall into ruin. His selfishness is beyond question." - A sharp criticism of Li Hongzhang's performance in his later years. 19. "Li Hongzhang is a man with talent but no knowledge, and experience but no courage." - A unique evaluation of Li Hongzhang from the perspective of personal character. 20. "From this, I know that Li Hongzhang has a lot of complaints and depression in his heart, which cannot be understood by bystanders." - Going deep into Li Hongzhang's inner world, showing his unknown side.

Liang Qichao: A versatile scholar and writer Liang Qichao (1873-1929), with the courtesy name Zhuoru and the pseudonym Rengong, is a famous thinker, politician, educator, historian and writer in modern China.< His life is full of legends.

He not only made his mark on the political stage, but also achieved outstanding achievements in the academic and literary fields.< 1.

Personal basic information Liang Qichao was born in Xinhui, Guangdong.< His family background was not prominent, but he was smart and studious since he was a child, and was deeply influenced by Confucian culture.

His father was a rural teacher who attached great importance to his education.< 2.

Education and career background Liang Qichao showed extraordinary talent when he was young.< He passed the examination for a scholar at the age of 16 and later passed the examination for a juren.

His academic career was mainly in the late Qing Dynasty and the early years of the Republic of China.< During this period, great changes took place in Chinese society, and Liang Qichao's thoughts and actions were also influenced by this era.

3.< Writing career Liang Qichao was a prolific writer, and his works covered many fields such as politics, history, philosophy, and literature.

His writing style is easy to understand and profound, and is deeply loved by readers.< His representative works include "The Biography of Li Hongzhang" and "The Collection of Yinbingshi".

4.< Style and theme of works Liang Qichao's works have a unique style.

He is good at expressing complex thoughts and theories in concise and clear language.< The themes of his works are diverse, including in-depth analysis of historical figures and profound thinking on social issues.

5.< Personal life Liang Qichao's personal life is relatively low-key.

He has a rigorous attitude towards life and is very serious about academics and writing.< His family life is also very harmonious.

His wife and children respect his work very much.< 6.

Social influence Liang Qichao's thoughts and works have had a profound impact on modern Chinese society.< He advocated reform and innovation to promote social progress.

His thoughts had an important influence on the subsequent May Fourth Movement and the New Culture Movement.< 7.

Quotation and evaluation Liang Qichao's academic achievements and literary contributions have been widely recognized.< Many authoritative media and experts have given high praise to his works.

For example, historian Chen Yinke praised him as "the greatest historian in modern China.< " 8.

Latest News Although Liang Qichao has passed away for many years, his thoughts and works still have an impact on modern society.< In recent years, research and discussion on Liang Qichao are still very active, and his works have been translated into many languages and spread all over the world.

In general, Liang Qichao was a versatile scholar and writer, and his works and thoughts had a profound impact on modern Chinese society.< His "Biography of Li Hongzhang" is a masterpiece that deeply analyzes historical figures and is worth every reader's careful reading.